Do dogs need sweaters? Here's what pet parents should know

As temperatures drop and winter approaches, you might wonder if your pup needs an (obviously adorable) sweater or jacket. While some dogs are perfectly equipped to handle cold weather on their own, others genuinely benefit from an extra layer of warmth. Understanding when your dog needs a sweater — and when they don't — can help you keep them comfortable and healthy throughout the colder months. 

Which dogs actually need sweaters? 

Not all dogs have the same needs when it comes to tolerating the cold. Small breeds like Chihuahuas, Italian Greyhounds and Whippets often struggle in chilly weather because they have minimal body fat and thin coats that offer little natural insulation. Dogs with single coats — those lacking the fluffy undercoat that provides extra warmth — also tend to feel the cold more intensely. This includes breeds like Boxers, Dobermans and Greyhounds, whose short hair leaves them vulnerable to dropping temperatures. 

"Dogs with thin coats or minimal body fat have reduced ability to maintain their body temperature in cold weather," Dr. Aliya McCullough, Fetch's Chief Veterinary Officer, explains. "These dogs can benefit significantly from wearing a sweater when temperatures drop below 45 degrees Fahrenheit." 

On the flip side, large breeds with thick, double coats — think Huskies, German Shepherds and Golden Retrievers — typically don't need sweaters. Their natural insulation keeps them warm even in freezing conditions, and adding unnecessary layers might actually cause them to overheat.

When age makes a difference 

Your dog's age plays a crucial role in how they handle cold weather. Puppies haven't fully developed their ability to regulate body temperature, making them more susceptible to the cold. Senior dogs face similar challenges, especially those dealing with arthritis or other joint issues that make movement on icy surfaces more difficult. These older pups often experience increased pain and stiffness in cold weather, and a sweater can provide both warmth and comfort during winter walks. 

For elderly dogs or young puppies, consider adding a sweater when temperatures dip below 40 degrees. Pay special attention to how they're moving and behaving outdoors — if they seem reluctant to walk or appear uncomfortable, it's time to bundle them up. 

Medical conditions that affect cold tolerance 

Certain health issues can compromise your dog's ability to stay warm. Dogs with health issues that cause weight loss like chronic gastrointestinal problems, may need extra help to stay warm when it’s cold out. Similarly, dogs recovering from illness or surgery may need extra warmth while their bodies heal. 

If your dog has any ongoing health conditions, talk with your veterinarian about their specific cold-weather needs. They can help you determine the right temperature threshold for adding protective clothing and suggest other ways to keep your pup comfortable during winter months. 

Recognizing when your dog is too cold 

Dogs communicate discomfort in various ways, and knowing these signs helps you respond quickly. Watch for shivering, which is often the first indicator that your dog needs warmth. You might also notice them lifting their paws off the ground repeatedly, seeking warm spots to stand or lie down, or trying to turn back toward home during walks. Some dogs whine or show signs of anxiety when they're cold, while others simply slow down or stop moving altogether. 

In severe cases, dogs can develop hypothermia when their body temperature drops below 98 degrees. This serious condition causes lethargy, muscle stiffness and a decreased heart rate. If you notice these symptoms, bring your dog inside immediately and contact your veterinarian. 

Temperature guidelines for sweater weather 

While every dog is unique, general temperature guidelines can help you make smart decisions about winter wear. Most dogs feel comfortable until temperatures drop below 45 degrees Fahrenheit. At this point, cold-sensitive dogs — including small breeds, thin-coated dogs and seniors — may start feeling chilly. When temperatures fall below 32 degrees, these vulnerable pups definitely need sweaters for outdoor activities, and their walks should be shorter to prevent prolonged cold exposure.

Remember that wind chill, precipitation and humidity affect how cold it actually feels outside. A damp 40-degree day might feel colder to your dog than a dry 30-degree morning. Always consider the full weather picture, not just the temperature reading. 

Watch out for overheating

Wearing clothes of any kind can cause dogs to overheat and puts them at risk for heat stress. Choose breathable fabrics and always monitor your dog when they wear a sweater, especially in mild weather conditions or when indoors. If you notice your dog is panting, reluctant to move, chewing or pawing at the sweater, or otherwise behaving abnormally, remove it right away.

Making the right choice for your dog 

Most dogs don’t need to wear sweaters, but whether your dog needs an extra layer depends on their individual characteristics — size, coat type, age, health status and personal cold tolerance all play important roles. Small dogs, thin-coated breeds, puppies, seniors and dogs with certain medical conditions typically benefit from extra warmth when temperatures drop. Meanwhile, larger dogs with thick, double coats usually do just fine with their natural insulation. 

Pay attention to your dog's behavior and comfort level in cold weather. If they show signs of being cold or seem uncomfortable during winter walks, a well-fitted sweater or jacket can make all the difference. When in doubt, consult your veterinarian about your dog's specific needs — they know your pup's health history and can offer personalized advice for keeping them safe and comfortable all winter long.